Erfiði

古ノルス語辞書 - erfiði

古ノルス語の単語「erfiði」の意味

クリースビー＆ヴィグフソンの古ノルス語から英語への辞書による定義:

古ノルス語の単語erfiðiは以下の意味を持つことができます:erfiði

erfiði: or erviði (ærfaði, n. G. l. i. 391; ærfuð, id. I. 10), n. [Ulf. arbaiþs = κόπος; A. S. earfoð; O. H. G. arapeit; mod. Germ. arbeit, which shews that mod. Dan. arbeide and Swed. arbete are borrowed from the Germ.; lost in Engl. The etymology of this word is uncertain; the Icel. notion is to derive it from er- priv. and viða = vinna, to work, but it is scarcely right; Grimm, S. v. arbeit, suggests it to be akin to Lat. labor; Max Müller refers it to the root AR, to plough, Science of Language, p. 258, 3rd Ed.; but arfiði (Björn, p. 41) instead of erviði is a fictitious form, and the statement that in old Norse or Icel. it means ploughing rests only on a fancy of old Björn (Dict. l. c.), to which he was probably led by the similarity between Lat. arvum to Germ. and mod. Dan. arbeit, arbeide: in fact the Icel., ancient or modern, conveys no such notion; even in the old heathen poems the word is used exactly in the present sense, which again is the same as in Ulf.]:—toil, labour, and metaph. toil, trouble; in the allit. phrase, e. en eigi eyrendi, toil but no errand, i. e. lost labour, Þkv. 10, 11, Hkv. Hjörv. 5; víl ok e., toil and trouble (of travelling), Hbl. 58, Skálda 163; kváðusk hafa haft mikit e. ok öngu á leið komið, FmS. v. 21, Post. 645. 58, SkS. 235, v. l., n. G. l. l. c.

erfiði: 2. metaph. distress, suffering; drýgja e., to ‘dree’ distress, Gm. 35 (heathen poem),—in n. G. l. i. 391 this phrase is used of a priest officiating; hungr, þorsti, e., Hom. 160: in pl., meðr mörgum erfiðum er á hana leggjask, Stj. 51: an old poet (Arnor) calls the heaven the erfiði of the dwarfs, vide dvergr. In the Icel. n. T. erfiði is often used in the very same passages as in Ulf., thus—yðvart e. er eigi ónýtt í Drottni, 1 Cor. xv. 58; í erfiði, í vökum, í föstu, 2 Cor. vi. 5; og hrósum oss eigi tram yfir mælingu í annarlegu erfiði, x. 15; og vort e. yrði til ónýtis, 1 ThesS. iii. 5, cp. Ulf. l. c.

erfiði: β. medic. asthma, difficulty in breathing; brjóst-erfiði, heavy breathing.

erfiði: COMPDS: erfiðisdauði, erfiðislaun, erfiðisléttir, erfiðismunir, erfiðisnauð, erfiðissamr, erfiðissemi, erviðisverk.

ヤンガーフザルク文字での可能なルーン文字:ᛁᚱᚠᛁᚦᛁ
ヤンガーフザルク文字は、8世紀から12世紀にかけてスカンジナビアとその海外植民地で使用されました

使用されている略語：

allit.: alliteration, alliterative.

A. S.: Anglo-Saxon.

Dan.: Danish.

Engl.: English.

f.: feminine.

Germ.: German.

gl.: glossary.

Icel.: Iceland, Icelander, Icelanders, Icelandic.

id.: idem, referring to the passage quoted or to the translation

i. e.: id est.

l.: line.

L.: Linnæus.

Lat.: Latin.

l. c.: loco citato.

lit.: literally.

m.: masculine.

metaph.: metaphorical, metaphorically.

mod.: modern.

n.: neuter.

O. H. G.: Old High German.

priv.: privative.

S.: Saga.

s. v.: sub voce.

Swed.: Swedish.

Ulf.: Ulfilas.

v.: vide.

v. l.: varia lectio.

cp.: compare.

pl.: plural.

medic.: medicine, medically.

引用された作品と著者：

Björn: Biörn Halldórsson.

Fms.: Fornmanna Sögur. (E. I.)

Hbl.: Harbarðs-ljóð. (A. I.)

Hkv.: Helga-kviða Hundingsbana. (A. II.)

Hkv. Hjörv.: Helga-kviða Hjörvarðssonar. (A. II.)

N. G. L.: Norges Gamle Love. (B. II.)

Post.: Postula Sögur. (F. III.)

Skálda: Skálda. (H. I.)

Sks.: Konungs Skugg-sjá. (H. II.)

Þkv.: Þryms-kviða. (A. I.)

Gm.: Grímnis-mál. (A. I.)

Hom.: Homiliu-bók. (F. II.)

N. T.: New Testament.

Stj.: Stjórn. (F. I.)

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