HÖGGVA

Old Norse Dictionary Entry

HÖGGVA

Old Norse Dictionary Entry

Definitions

1 HÖGGVA

also spelt heyggva, Sæm. (Kb.); pres. höggr, mod. also heggr; pl. höggum, mod. höggvum; pret. hjó, hjótt, hjó, mod. hjó, hjóst, hjó; pl. hjoggum and hjuggum, mod. only the latter form; a Norse pret. hjoggi = hjó, D. N. ii. 331; pret. subj. hjöggi and heyggi, mod. hjyggi; part. högginn, mod. but less correct, höggvinn, which also is freq. in the Editions; but in the MSS. usually abbreviated, högḡ, höggͭ, = högginn, höggit: [not recorded in Ulf.; A. S. heawan; Engl. hew, hack; Hel. hauwan; O. H. G. houwan; Germ. hauen; Dan. hugge; Swed. hugga]:—höggva denotes to strike with an edged tool, slá and drepa with a blunt one:

2 HÖGGVA

1. to strike, smite with a sharp weapon; höggr sá er hlífa skyldi, he strikes who ought to shield, a saying: to deal blows with a weapon, hann görði ymist hjó eða lagði, Nj. 8; hann hjó títt ok hart, passim; höggva báðum höndum, 29; h. sverði, öxi, strike with, i. e. to brandish, a sword, axe, Fms. v. 168, Gs. 6; h. til e-s, to deal a blow to one, smite, Grág. ii. 7, Al. 78; h. e-n bana-högg, to smite with a deathblow, Eg. 220: to cut down, destroy, þeir hjuggu drekann mjök, Fms. vii. 249: to maim, ef maðr höggr hund eða björn til háðungar manni, Grág. ii. 121; h. rauf á hjálmi, Al. 78: the phrases, h. sik í lends manns rétt, Fms. ix. 399: spec. phrases, höggðú allra manna armastr, nú hjóttu Noreg ór hendi mér! Ek þóttumk nú Noreg í hönd þér höggva, Ó. H. 184.

3 HÖGGVA

2. to put to death, behead, Fms. vii. 250, 251, xi. 148–152: to kill, högg þú hestinn, Nj. 92: to kill cattle, slaughter, h. bú, búfé, kýr, geitr, naut, Landn. 293, Eg. 532, Fms. vi. 95, xi. 123, Fb. i. 186: höggva strandhögg, Eg. 81.

4 HÖGGVA

3. to fell trees; höggva skög, Grág. ii. 294; h. keyrivönd, id.: absol., hann hefir höggit í skógi mínum, Nj. 98, passim: to cut grass (rarely), ef maðr höggr hey á hlut annars manns, N. G. L. ii. 112; upp höggvit gras, cut grass, Dipl. iv. 9, Jm. 7, (else always slá of mowing.)

5 HÖGGVA

4. to bite, of snakes (högg-ormr); Miðgarðsormr hjó hann til bana, Edda 155; naðran hjó fyrir flagbrjóskat, 76: of a wound from a boar’s tusk, ef svín höggr mann, Gþl. 190: the phrase, h. hest sporum, to prick a horse with the spur, Mag. 9.

6 HÖGGVA

II. with prepp.; höggva af, to hew or cut off; h. af kampa ok skegg, to cut off the beard, K. Þ. K.; h. af lim, Sks. 555; to kill, slaughter, h. af fé, Ld. 64; höggva af sér, to parry off, Fms. v. 13:—h. niðr, to cut down, i. 38; to kill, butcher, vii. 261, Orkn. 120; hjuggu þeir niðr mungát sitt (by cutting casks to pieces), Fms. vii. 249:—h. upp, to cut down a tree, Greg. 48, Matth. iii. 10; h. upp skip, to break a ship up, Fms. iii. 228, ix. 381; h. upp hús, to break a house up, viii. 166:—h. ór, to cut out, metaph. to make even; vóru margar greinir þær er ór þurfti at h. milli biskups ok leikmanna, Bs. i. 751; láta konung ok erkibiskup ór h. (smooth) sagðar greinir, 773.

7 HÖGGVA

III. reflex. to be cut, hacked; hjósk skjöldr Helga, Dropl. 24.

8 HÖGGVA

2. recipr. to exchange blows, fight; þeir hjuggusk nokkura stund, Háv. 56; þeir h. til í ákafa, Bret. 74.

9 HÖGGVA

3. metaph., höggvask í mitt mál, to begin abruptly, in the middle of a sentence; taka heldr at upphafi til, en höggvask í mitt mál, Landn. 275, v. l.; ef enn höggsk nokkurr í ok mælir svá, cuts in, objects, Skálda 168: þótti honum nú taka mjök um at höggvask, things looked hard, Grett. 142; þótti honum hart um höggvask, Bs. i. 423.

Runic Inscription

ᚼᚢᚴᚴᚢᛅ

Possible runic inscription in Younger Futhark

Abbreviations Used

Common Abbreviations

A. S.
Anglo-Saxon.
absol
absolute, absolutely.
absol.
absolute, absolutely.
bisk
bishop.
ch
chapter.
Dan
Danish.
Dan.
Danish.
Engl
English.
Engl.
English.
f.
feminine.
freq
frequent, frequently.
freq.
frequent, frequently.
Germ
German.
Germ.
German.
gl
glossary.
gl.
glossary.
Hel.
Heliand.
i. e.
id est.
id
idem, referring to the passage quoted or to the translation
id.
idem, referring to the passage quoted or to the translation
l.
Linnæus.
m.
masculine.
metaph.
metaphor, metaphorical.
mod
modern.
mod.
modern.
n.
neuter.
O. H. G.
Old High German.
p.
page.
part
participle.
part.
participle.
pl.
plural.
pr.
proper.
pres.
present.
pret.
preterite.
recipr.
reciprocally.
reflex
reflexive.
reflex.
reflexive.
S.
South, Southern.
s. v.
sub verbo.
spec.
specially.
subj.
subjunctive.
Swed
Swedish.
Swed.
Swedish.
Ulf.
Ulfilas.
v.
vide, verb.
v. l.
varia lectio.

Works & Authors

Al.
Alexanders Saga. (G. I.)
Bret.
Breta Sögur. (G. I.)
Bs.
Biskupa Sögur. (D. III.)
D. N.
Diplomatarium Norvagicum. (J. II.)
Dipl.
Diplomatarium. (J. I.)
Dropl.
Droplaugar-sona Saga. (D. II.)
Edda
Edda. (C. I.)
Eg.
Egils Saga. (D. II.)
Fb.
Flateyjar-bók (E. I.)
Fms.
Fornmanna Sögur. (E. I.)
Grág.
Grágás. (B. I.)
Greg.
Gregory. (F. II.)
Grett.
Grettis Saga. (D. II.)
Gs.
Grótta-söngr. (A. II.)
Gþl.
Gulaþings-lög. (B. II.)
Háv.
Hávarðar Saga. (D. II.)
Jm.
Jóns-máldagi. (J. I.)
K. Þ. K.
Kristinn-réttr Þorláks ok Ketils = Kristinna-laga-þáttr. (B. I.)
Kb.
Konungs-bók. (B. I, C. I, etc.)
Landn.
Landnáma. (D. I.)
Ld.
Laxdæla Saga. (D. II.)
Mag.
Magus Saga. (G. II.)
N. G. L.
Norges Gamle Love. (B. II.)
Nj.
Njála. (D. II.)
Ó. H.
Ólafs Saga Helga. (E. I.)
Orkn.
Orkneyinga Saga. (E. II.)
Skálda
Skálda. (H. I.)
Sks.
Konungs Skugg-sjá. (H. II.)
Sæm.
Sæmundar Edda. (A, C. I.)

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