BEIN

定义

1 BEIN

n. a word common to the Teut. idioms and peculiar to them; [the Goth. word is not on record, as Luke xxiv. 39 and John xix. 36 are lost in Ulf.; A. S. bân; Engl. bone; Germ. bein; Swed.-Dan. ben (been). Sansk., Gr., Lat., and the Slav. languages agree in a totally different root; Sansk. asthi; Gr. οστέον; Lat. os; the Slav. branch all with an initial c, cp. the Lat. costa. Vide Grimm (s. v.), who suggests a relation to Gr. βαίνω; but the native Icel. words beinn, rectus, and beina, promovere, are more likely roots; the original sense might thus be crus, Gr. σκέλος, but Lat. os the secondary one]:—a bone.

2 BEIN

I. spec. the leg from the knee to the foot; freq. in Swed. and Dan., but very rare and nearly obsolete in Icel., where leggr is the common word; hosa strengd at beini, Eg. 602, Fms. x. 331; kálfar á beinum fram, N. G. L. i. 339.

3 BEIN

II. gener. = Lat. os, a bone, but originally the bones with marrow (Germ. knochen), as may be inferred from the passages, þá er mergund ef b. er í sundr til mergjar, þat er mergr er í, Grág. ii. 11, i. 442, Fms. vii. 118, Vápn. 21, Fas. i. 66, Vígl. 20; stór bein í andliti, with a strongly-marked, high-boned face, Band. 7, whence stórbeinóttr, q. v.; viðbeina, a collar-bone; höfuðbein, pl. head-bones, the scull around the temples and the forehead; er gamlir grísir skyldu halda mér at höfuðbeinum, Grett. (in a verse); strjúka höfuðbeinin; málbein, os loquendi, a small bone in the head; hence the phrase, láta málbeinið ganga, of one talking incessantly and foolishly: metaph. in phrases, láta ganga með beini, to deal blows to the very marrow, deal severely, Ld. 230; hafa bein í hendi (the Danes say, have been i næsen), to have a boned hand, i. e. strength and power, Hrafn. 10, Al. 29.

4 BEIN

2. pl. relics, remains (ashes); the phrase, bera bein, to repose, rest, be buried; far þú út til Íslands, þar mun þér auðit verða beinin at bera, Grett. 148, Nj. 201; ok iðrast nú að aptr hvarf að bera b. blá við hrjóstr, Bjarni, 57:—of the relics of saints, Bs. 468, 469; hence beina-færsla, u, f. removal of bones (translatio); in the Catholic age, when churches were removed, the churchyard was dug up and the bones removed also, vide Eb. (in fine), Bjarn. 19, K. Þ. K. 40, Eg. (in fine).

5 BEIN

COMPDS: beinavatn, beinagrind, beináta, beinbrot, beinkröm, beinkveisa, beinsullr, beinverkir.

使用的缩写

常用缩写

A. S.: Anglo-Saxon.
ch: chapter.
cp: compare.
cp.: compare.
Dan: Danish.
Dan.: Danish.
Engl: English.
Engl.: English.
f.: feminine.
freq: frequent, frequently.
freq.: frequent, frequently.
gener.: generally.
Germ: German.
Germ.: German.
gl: glossary.
gl.: glossary.
Goth.: Gothic.
Gr.: Greek.
i. e.: id est.
Icel: Iceland, Icelander, Icelanders, Icelandic.
Icel.: Iceland, Icelander, Icelanders, Icelandic.
id: idem, referring to the passage quoted or to the translation
l.: Linnæus.
Lat: Latin.
Lat.: Latin.
lit: literally.
m.: masculine.
metaph.: metaphor, metaphorical.
n.: neuter.
orig: original, originally.
p.: page.
pl.: plural.
q. v.: quod vide.
S.: South, Southern.
s. v.: sub verbo.
Sansk.: Sanskrit.
Slav.: Slavonic.
spec.: specially.
Swed: Swedish.
Swed.: Swedish.
Teut.: Teutonic.
transl: translation, translated.
Ulf.: Ulfilas.
v.: vide, verb.

作品与作者

Al.: Alexanders Saga. (G. I.)
Band.: Banda-manna Saga. (D. II.)
Bjarn.: Bjarnar Saga. (D. II.)
Bjarni: Bjarni Thorarinson.
Bs.: Biskupa Sögur. (D. III.)
Eb.: Eyrbyggja Saga. (D. II.)
Eg.: Egils Saga. (D. II.)
Fas.: Fornaldar Sögur. (C. II.)
Fms.: Fornmanna Sögur. (E. I.)
Grág.: Grágás. (B. I.)
Grett.: Grettis Saga. (D. II.)
Hrafn.: Hrafnkels Saga. (D. II.)
K. Þ. K.: Kristinn-réttr Þorláks ok Ketils = Kristinna-laga-þáttr. (B. I.)
Ld.: Laxdæla Saga. (D. II.)
N. G. L.: Norges Gamle Love. (B. II.)
Nj.: Njála. (D. II.)
Vápn.: Vápnfirðinga Saga. (D. II.)
Vígl.: Víglundar Saga. (D. V.)

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